It is normal to lose between 50-100 hairs a day, this is part of
the hair renewal process. However most people suffer from excessive hair
loss at one time in their life. There are many reasons for this
including medication, radiation, chemotherapy, exposure to chemicals,
hormonal and nutritional factors, thyroid disease, generalized or local
skin disease, and stress.
Many of these causes are temporary and a few are permanent. These are some of the more common reason for hair loss.
HORMONAL BEHAVIOUR
Since
hormones both stimulate hair growth and cause hair loss, hormonal
changes by far have the biggest impact on hair loss. These can affect
both men and women in the following ways:
This is the most common
cause of thinning and affects both men and women. Men generally have
hair loss concentrated in a specific pattern from the front through to
the crown. Women tend to have thinning throughout their head without
being in any specific pattern. This type of hair loss is caused by the
androgen DHT, or Dihydrotestosterone. Since everyone has DHT that is
produced by their bodies and only some people suffer from hair loss
there has to be another factor involved. This other factor is having
follicles that have a greater number of Androgen receptors for the DHT
to attach to. This is the component that is inherited through the genes.
To date the most effective preventative treatments are anti androgens,
drugs that prevent the creation of DHT. In the future gene therapy will
one day be able to alter the genes to prevent the follicles from being
affected by DHT.
Childbirth
After pregnancy many women
experience a loss of hair, this is caused many hair simultaneously
entering the resting (telogen) phase. Within two to three months after
giving birth, some women will notice large amounts of hair coming out in
their brushes and combs. This can last one to six months, but resolves
completely in most cases. This condition is caused by the hormonal
changes that take place after a woman's body recovers from her
pregnancy.
Birth control pills
Women who have a genetic
predisposition to suffer from Androgenic Alopecia can have it occur at a
much younger age by taking birth control pills. The hormonal changes
that occur trigger the onset of the Androgenic Alopecia. If a woman has a
history of female pattern loss in her family she should advise her
doctor before going on the pill. After the discontinuation of the pill
the woman may notice that her hair begins shedding two or three months
later. This may continue for six months when it usually stops. In some
cases the process cannot be reversed and the woman may not regrow some
of the hair that was lost.
DISEASE OR ILLNESS INFLUENCES
Since
the follicle is a very sensitive it does respond to imbalances in the
body. Most hair loss causes by disease or illness is temporary and
resolves itself after the body has returned to a healthy condition.
High fever, severe infection, severe flu
Sometimes
one to three months after a high fever, severe infection or flu, a
person may experience hair loss, this is usually temporary and corrects
itself.
Thyroid disease
Both an overactive thyroid and an
underactive thyroid can cause hair loss. Thyroid disease can be
diagnosed by your physician with laboratory tests. Hair loss associated
with thyroid disease can be reversed with proper treatment.
Deficient diet
Some
people who go on low protein diets, or have severely abnormal eating
habits, may develop protein malnutrition. To help save protein the body
shifts growing hair into the resting phase. If this happens massive
amounts of hair shedding can occur two to three months later. A sign of
this is if the hair can be pulled out by the roots fairly easily. This
condition can be reversed and prevented by eating the proper amount of
protein. Its very important when dieting to maintain an adequate protein
intake.
Medications
Some prescription drugs may cause
temporary hair shedding in a small percentage of people. Examples of
such drugs include some of the medicines used for the following: gout,
arthritis, depression, heart problems, high blood pressure, or blood
thinner. High doses of vitamin A may also cause hair shedding.
Cancer treatments
Chemotherapy
and radiation treatment will cause hair loss because it stops hair
cells from dividing. Hairs become thin and break off as they exit the
scalp. This occurs one to three weeks after the treatment. Patients can
lose up to 90 percent of their scalp hair. The hair will regrow after
treatment ends and patients may want to get wigs before treatment. There
are some drugs in development to help prevent this hair loss from
occurring.
Low serum iron
Iron deficiency occasionally
produces hair loss. Some people don't have enough iron in their diets or
may not fully absorb iron in their diets. Women who have heavy
menstrual periods may develop iron deficiency. Low iron can be detected
by laboratory tests and can be corrected by taking iron pills.
Major surgery/chronic illness
Anyone
who has a major operation - a tremendous shock to the system - may
notice increased hair shedding within one to three months afterwards.
The condition reverses itself within a few months but people who have a
severe chronic illness may shed hair indefinitely. A relatively unknown
fact is that hair transplantation surgery can actually cause additional
hair loss or "shock fallout". Hairs lost from shock fallout usually
don't regrow.
Alopecia Areata
This type of hair loss is
believed to be caused by the immune system reacting to hair follicles as
if they were antibodies and shutting them down. The hair loss is
usually limited to a coin sized area and all the hair in the area is
lost leaving a totally smooth round patch. In a more severe rarer
condition called Alopecia Totalis, all hair on the entire body is lost,
including the eyelashes. Treatments include topical medications, a
special kind of light treatment, or in some cases drugs.
Fungus Infection (Ringworm) of the scalp
Caused
by a fungus infection, ringworm (which has nothing to do with worms)
begins with small patches of scaling that can spread and result in
broken hair, redness, swelling, and even oozing. This contagious disease
is most common in children and oral medication will cure it.
Stress
n cause hair loss is some people. Usually it occurs 3 months after
the stressful event has occurred and it may take 3 months after the
stress period has ended for the hair growth to resume. In most cases it
is temporary if the person is not predisposed to genetic or Androgenic
Alopecia, if they are stress may trigger the onset of genetic hair loss
or may worsen existing Androgenic hair loss.
MECHANICAL DAMAGE CAUSES HAIR LOSS
Damage
to the hair can be self inflicted either by intentional or
unintentional means. Some people going through stress continuously pull
at their hair until it comes out. Styling hair by bleaching, braiding
and straightening can also cause damage and results in hair being lost.
Trichotillomania or Hair Pulling
Some
children and less often adults play with their hair by pulling on it or
twisting it. This can be part of a behavioral problem or a bad habit
that is often done unconsciously. If the behavior is not stopped
permanent hair loss can result from the constant stress on the hair. Its
best to seek the help of a mental health professional to solve this
problem.
Hair Styling Treatments
Many people change the
appearance of their hair by using chemical treatments like dyes, tints,
bleaches, straighteners, relaxers and permanent waves. If correctly done
and done using reputable products, its rare to have any damage.
However, hair can become weak and break if any of these chemicals are
used too often. Hair can also break if the solution is left on too long,
if two procedures are done on the same day, or if bleach is applied to
previously bleached hair. Some chemical relaxers do contain powerful
chemicals and there have been instances of people get chemical burns
from these products resulting in permanent hair loss. Only go to
qualified hair stylists and if doing it yourself make sure you only use
reputable products and follow the product directions.
Hair Braids/Weaves
Many
black women and some black men braid their hair or wear hair weaves.
Under normal conditions these cause no problems. However if the weave is
attached too tight or the braids are wrapped too tight, they put a
constant strain on the hair follicle. If this is done for an extended
period of time permanent hair loss can result. This is known as Traction
Alopecia and is fairly common among people who braid or weave their
hair. Make sure the person applying the braids or weave is qualified to
do so and don't wear braids or weaves continuously for extended periods
of time.